dislocated: Dislocated element
Definition
dislocated refers to an element that is distinct from the main subject in a double subject construction.
Characteristics
- In Korean, one sentence can have two subjects that share a single predicate. This is called a “double subject construction.” The first subject usually functions as the topic, and the second subject is closely linked to the predicate. In this structure, the first subject is parsed as a dislocated to differentiate it from the second subject.
- The dislocated tag is generally dependent on the root of the sentence.
- Examples:
- 코끼리가(dislocated) 코가(nsubj) 길다.
- 저는(dislocated) 나이가(nsubj) 많아요.
Boundary cases and clarifications
Special cases
- Parsing sentences that contain both subject and complement:
- In Korean, the case marker for nominal complements is the same as for nominal subjects. In sentences with complements (e.g., using ‘되다’ or ‘아니다’), the complement is tagged as nsubj.
- There are two ways to tag the subject, complement, and predicate: (1)dislocated + nsubj + root, (2)nsubj + nsubj + root
- 그 사람이(dislocated/nsubj) 부자가(nsubj) 되었다.
- 나는(dislocated/nsubj) 학생이(nsubj) 아니다.
Examples
- 저는 언니가 있어요.
- 산은 바람이 부니까 기분이 상쾌해요.
- 여름이 기온이 높고, 겨울이 날씨가 춥다.
- 친구가 고민이 있어서 나한테 이야기를 했어요.
- 사람들이 나이가 어릴수록 언어를 더 쉽게 배운다.