JKO: Postposition_objectival (목적격 조사)
Definition
JKO refers to a postposition that attaches to nouns and pronouns to indicate various object roles in a sentence, functioning as a case marker.
Characteristics
- ‘을’ and ‘를’ are used with objective elements, which serve as the target of an action within a sentence that includes a transitive verb.
- The choice between ‘을’ and ‘를’ depends on the final sound of the preceding noun; ‘을’ is used after a noun ending in a consonant, and ‘를’ is used after a noun ending in a vowel.
- Examples:
- 나는 책을 읽었다.
- 나는 사과를 먹는다.
- Examples:
Boundary cases and clarifications
Special cases
- Contraction of ‘를’:
- ‘를’ can be contracted to ‘ㄹ’, which gives a more colloquial nuance. In such cases, ‘ㄹ’ is parsed as JKO.
- 그림 그리는 걸 좋아한다.: 것 + ㄹ(JKO)
- 네가 일찍 일어나길 바란다.: 일어나- + -기 + ㄹ(JKO)
- ‘를’ can be contracted to ‘ㄹ’, which gives a more colloquial nuance. In such cases, ‘ㄹ’ is parsed as JKO.
Examples
- 공원에서 꽃을 구경하고 커피를 마셔요.
- 저는 공부를 열심히 합니다.
- 사진을 찍어주세요.
- 절 뽑아 주십시오!