XSV: Suffix_verb_derivative (동사 파생 접미사)

Definition

XSV refers to a suffix that attaches to a noun or the stem of an adjective to form a verb stem.

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Characteristics

• Depending on the type of XSV, it can either change the part of speech or add meanings like passivity or causativity while also changing the part of speech.
• Examples:
  • 사랑 → 사랑하다: love → to love
  • 방송 → 방송되다: broadcast → to be broadcast
  • 오염 → 오염시키다: contamination → to contaminate

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Boundary cases and clarifications

Differences with related tags

• XSV vs. XSA (Suffix_adjective_derivative, 형용사 파생 접미사):
  • When XSV or XSA is attached to a noun, both can transform the noun into a predicate.
  • However, XSV converts a noun into a verb, whereas XSA converts a noun into an adjective.
    • XSV: 난 이 아이디어를 제안한다.
    • XSA: 나는 시간이 더 필요하다.

Special cases

1. Passive and causative suffixes
   • Certain verb affixes, such as ‘-이-, -히-, -리-, -기-, -우-, -구-, -추-’, attach to predicate stems to express passive or causative meanings. When these affixes attach to verbs (VV), they do not form a new derivation but still add specific meanings, so they are also tagged as XSV.
   • 야식은 비만의 가능성을 높인다.: 높(VA) + 이(XSV) + ㄴ다(EF)
   • 자정에 기숙사의 문이 닫힌다.: 닫(VV) + 히(XSV) + ㄴ다(EF)
   • 난 너무 떨려서 말을 잘 못했다.: 떨(VV) + 리(XSV) + 어서(EC)
2. Adjective-Derived Verbs with ‘-어/아 지다’ and ‘-어/아 하다’
   • Some adjectives frequently combine with certain XSV elements, such as ‘-어/아지다’ or ‘-어/아하다’, forming a single derived verb. In these cases, there are two possible tagging approaches: (1) Tag the adjective stem separately from XSV. (2) If the derived verb is commonly used, treat it as a single verb and tag it as VV.
   • 마음이 무거워지다.
     • (1) 무겁(VA) + 어지(XSV) + 다
     • (2) 무거워지(VV) + 다
   • 그를 아주 좋아하다.
     • (1) 좋(VA) + 아하(XSV) + 다
     • (2) 좋아하(VV) + 다

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Examples

• 주말에 도서관에서 공부할 것입니다.
• 산에 가서 단풍을 구경해요.
• 이번 여행이 가장 기대된다.
• 야채를 먹으면 소화 능력을 향상시킬 수 있다.
• 기분이 점점 더 슬퍼진다.