JKB: Postposition_adverbial (부사격 조사)
Definition
JKB refers to a postposition that attaches to nouns and pronouns to indicate an adverbial role, functioning as a case marker.
Characteristics
- JKB is used with adverbial elements that provide additional information about direction, comparison, method, or instrument within a sentence.
- Depending on the predicate, the presence of an adverbial postposition may be essential for the sentence to be semantically complete.
- Examples:
- 나는 너와 다르다. (I am different from you.)
- 나는 가방에 책을 넣다. (I put the book in the bag.)
- Examples:
Boundary cases and clarifications
Special cases
- Distinguishing JKB from JC (Postposition_conjunctive, 접속 조사):
- Some JKB postpositions share the same surface form as certain JC postpositions, such as ‘와/과’, ‘하고’, and ‘(이)랑’. However, they must be distinguished based on their function within the sentence.
- The key distinction is that JKB functions as an adverbial marker, whereas JC links elements of the same grammatical case.
- JKB: 나는 친구하고 서울에 갔습니다. (I went to Seoul with a friend.)
- JC: 식당하고 영화관이 있었습니다. (There was a restaurant and a movie theater.)
Examples
- 제 친구와 함께 갈 겁니다.
- 매일 오후 1시에 수업이 있어요.
- 내일 친구들이랑 만나기로 했다.
- 부모님께 선물을 드릴 것입니다.
- 지하철이 버스보다 빠르다.